Small particles scatter light in all directions with maximum scatter forward and backward; this is known as:

The phenomenon where small particles scatter light in all directions, with a pronounced peak in scattering both forward and backward, is most accurately described by Rayleigh scattering. This type of scattering occurs predominantly when the particles are significantly smaller than the wavelength of the light being scattered.

Rayleigh scattering is characterized by the intensity of the scattered light being inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength, making shorter wavelengths (like blue light) scatter more intensely than longer wavelengths (like red light). This scattering explains many natural phenomena, such as why the sky appears blue during the day.

Mie scattering, in contrast, occurs when particles are about the same size as the wavelength of light. This type of scattering does not show the same wavelength dependence as Rayleigh scattering and typically leads to a more uniform scattering pattern with less dependence on the wavelength of the light.

In this context, the correct answer pertains specifically to Rayleigh scattering due to its characteristic scattering pattern, particularly how it handles light in relation to smaller particles.