What is the primary clinical significance of measuring fetal fibronectin in a pregnant woman?

Measuring fetal fibronectin is primarily significant in assessing the risk for premature delivery. Fetal fibronectin is a protein located at the interface of the fetal membranes and the maternal decidua. In normally progressing pregnancies, fetal fibronectin should not be present in cervical/vaginal secretions after 20 weeks of gestation. Therefore, the presence of fetal fibronectin in these secretions can indicate an increased risk of preterm labor and delivery, especially in patients exhibiting symptoms such as contractions or cervical changes.

This test can provide valuable information to clinicians in evaluating pregnant women who are at risk for premature birth, allowing for timely interventions or monitoring as necessary. Establishing a diagnosis of preterm labor through the presence of fetal fibronectin can guide management decisions to improve neonatal outcomes.

Although the other options listed may relate to various aspects of pregnancy and maternal-fetal health, they do not directly utilize fetal fibronectin as a marker. Detecting gestational diabetes focuses on glucose metabolism rather than fetal tissue markers. Monitoring fetal growth typically employs ultrasound and biometric measurements. Evaluating placental function often involves different tests and imaging techniques that provide insight into placental health and nutrient transfer, rather than the evaluation of fetal fibronectin levels.