Which electrolyte is primarily regulated by the kidneys?

Potassium is primarily regulated by the kidneys through processes such as filtration, secretion, and reabsorption. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining potassium homeostasis in the body. They filter a large amount of potassium during glomerular filtration, but most of it is reabsorbed in the renal tubules, particularly in the proximal convoluted tubule and loop of Henle.

When dietary intake of potassium is high, the kidneys respond by increasing the excretion of potassium in the urine, while in cases of low intake, they conserve potassium. This regulation is vital because potassium is critical for many physiological functions, including maintaining normal heart rhythm, muscle contraction, and nerve function. Disturbances in potassium levels can lead to serious health issues, making its proper regulation by the kidneys essential for overall health.