Which lipoprotein plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport?

HDL, or high-density lipoprotein, is recognized for its crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport, a process where cholesterol is transported from peripheral tissues back to the liver for excretion or recycling. This function is vital in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of excess cholesterol in tissues, which can lead to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

HDL particles achieve this by obtaining cholesterol from cells and other lipoproteins through various mechanisms, including the action of enzymes such as lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which esterifies free cholesterol to facilitate its incorporation into HDL. The returned cholesterol is then either converted to bile acids or secreted into bile, effectively reducing the cholesterol burden in the body.

Understanding HDL's function in reverse cholesterol transport underscores its importance in maintaining cardiovascular health and illustrates why elevated levels of HDL are often associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.